DECLARED WEEDS & ALIEN INVADER PLANTS

NOTE: For up-to-date information please refer to the URLs (Webpages) listed below:

1) URL: http://www.plantzafrica.com/ - Make use of the search engine on this page
2) URL: http://www.plantzafrica.com/miscell/aliens1.htm
3) URL: http://www.agis.agric.za/agisweb/wip

These are the plants which have been declared Weeds and Alien Invader Plants in South Africa in terms of the Regulations pertaining to the Conservation of Agricultural Resources Act 43 of 1983 as amended. For more information, please see the website for Weeds and Invasive Plants in South Africa at http://www.agis.agric.za/agisweb/wip

Declared Weeds & Alien Invader Plants are divided into three categories: - see lists below

Category 1 Plants. This is the strictest category. These plants may not occur on any land or inland water surface other than in a biological control reserve. Except for the purposes of establishing a biological control reserve, one may not plant, maintain, multiply or propagate such plants, import or sell or acquire propagating material of such plants except with the written exception of the executive officer.

Category 2 Plants. These are plants with a commercial application and may may only be grown in demarcated areas (or boiological control reserves). See the Government Gazette listed below for details relating to demarcated areas. Other provisions of category 1 apply.

Category 3 Plants. The regulations regarding these plants are the same as for category 1, except that plants already in existence at the time of the commencement of these regulations are exempt, unless they occur within 30 metres of a 1:50 year flood line of river, stream etc.

Plants which fall into Multiple Categories - see list below

Plants in all categories listed by Common Name - see list below

These lists have been compiled from the information published in R.280 in the Government Gazette Vol 429: No 22166 of the 30 March 2001. R280 contains amendments to the regulations pertaining to the Conservation of Agricultural Resources Act no 43 of 1983. For more information regarding these regulations, please see the Government Gazette (available from the Government Printer: Pretoria or Cape Town).

The Plant Protection Research Institute, which falls under the Dept. of Agriculture is the body primarily responsible for the control of alien vegetation in South Africa. For more information on this subject please contact them.

 
Declared Weeds/Invaders listed by Common Name (Category shown against each listing)

'Abyssinian' coleus Plectranthus comosus Sims Category 3
Aleppo grass Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers. Category 2
Aleppo pine Pinus halepensis Mill. Category 2
Ant Tree Triplaris americana L. Category 1
American bramble Rubus cuneifolius Pursh and hybrid Category 1
Australian Albizia Paraserianthes lophantha (Willi.) Category 1
Australian blackwood Acacia melanoxylon R.Br. Category 2
Australian cheesewood Pittosporum undulatum Vent. Category 1
Australian myrtle Leptospermum laevigatum (Gaertn.) Category 1
Australian silky oak Grevillea robusta A.Cunn. ex R.Br. Category 3
Azolla Azolla filiculoides Lam. Category 1
Bailey's wattle Acacia baileyana F.Muell. Category 3
Balloon vine Cardiospermum grandiflorum Sw. Category 1
Banana poka Passiflora mollissima (Kunth) Category 1
Bananadilla Passiflora mollissima (Kunth) Category 1
Barbados gooseberry Pereskia aculeata Mill. Category 1
Beefwood Casuarina cunninghamiana Miq. Category 2 (Not for use in dune stabilisation)
Belhambra Phytolacca dioica L. Category 3
Black ironbark Eucalyptus sideroxylon A.Cunn. Category 2
Black locust Robinia pseudoacacia L. Category 2 (Only for use as rootstock if authorised by Executive Officer in terms of regulation 15B(10))
Black wattle Acacia meamsii De Wild. Category 2
Bloodberry Rivina humilis L. Category 1
Blue echium Echium vulgare L. Category 1
Blue passion flower Passiflora caerulea L. Category 1
Brazilian pepper tree Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi Mult categories
Brazilian guava Psidium guineense Sw. Category 3
Bridal wreath Anredera cordifolia (Ten.) Steenis Category 1
Brittle willow Salix fragilis L. Category 2 (Not to be confused with indigenous species)
Bugweed Solanum mauritianum Scop. Category 1
Burweed Achyranthes aspera L. Category 1
Butterfly orchid tree Bauhinia purpurea L. Category 3
Californian privet Ligustrum ovalifolium Hassk. Category 3
Camel thorn bush Alhagi maurorum Medik. Category 1
Camphor tree Cinnamomum camphora (L.) J.Presl Mult categories
Canadian water weed Elodea canadensis Michx. Category 1
Canary pine Pinus canariensis C.Sm. Category 2
Castor - oil plant Ricinus communis L Category 2
Cat's claw creeper Macfadyena unguis-cati (L.) Category 1
Chandelier plant Bryophyllum delagoense (Eckl.) Category 1
Cherry pie Lantana - all seedbearing forms Category 1
Chilean cestrum Cestrum parqui L'Hér. Category 1
Chinese privet Ligustrum sinense Lour. Category 3
Chinese tamarisk Tamarix chinensis Lour. Mult categories
Chinese wax - leaved privet Ligustrum lucidum Aiton Category 3 (Only for use as root-stock if authorised by the Executive official in terms of regulation 15C(5))
Chir pine Pinus roxburghii Sarg. Category 2
Chromolaena Chromolaena odorata (L.) R.M.King Category 1
Clover broomrape Orobanche minor Sm. Category 1
Cluster pine Pinus pinaster Aiton Category 2
Cochineal prickly pear Opuntia monacantha Haw. Category 1
Common dodder Cuscuta campestris Yunck. Category 1
Common mulberry Morus alba L. Category 3 (Excluding cultivar "Pendula", and only for use as root-stock if authorised by the Executive official in terms of regulation 15C(5))
Common privet Ligustrum vulgare L. Category 3
Common thorn apple Datura stramonium L. Category 1
Coral Bush Ardisia crenata Sims Mult categories
Coralberry tree Ardisia crenata Sims Mult categories
Cotoneaster Cotoneaster franchetii Boiss. Category 3
Crack willow Salix fragilis L. Category 2 (Not to be confused with indigenous species)
Crimson cestrum Cestrum elegans (Brongn.) Schtdl. Category 1
Crofton weed Ageratina adenophora (Spreng.) Category 1
Dense-thorned bitter apple Solanum sisymbriifolium Lam. Category 1
Dense water weed Egeria densa Planch. Category 1
Devil's pumpkin Passiflora suberosa L. Category 1
Downy thorn apple Datura innoxia Mill. Category 1
Drooping prickly pear Opuntia monacantha Haw. Category 1
Durban guava Psidium x durbanensis Baijnath ined. Category 1
Eglantine Rosa rubiginosa L. Category 1
European blackberry Rubus fruticosus L. agg. Category 2
European gorse Ulex europaeus L. Category 1
False lebbeck Albizia procera (Roxb.) Benth. Category 1
Feathertop Pennisetum villosum R.Br. ex Fresen. Category 1
Field bindweed Convolvulus arvensis L. Category 1
Formosa lily Lilium formosanum A. Wallace Category 3
Fountain grass Pennisetum setaceum (Forssk.) Category 1 (Excluding sterile cultivar "Rubrum")
Giant reed Arundo donax L. Category 1
Giant sensitive plant Mimosa pigra L . Category 3
Golden wattle Acacia pycnantha Benth. Category 1
Granadina Passiflora subpeltata Ortega Category 1
Green wattle Acacia decurrens (Wendi.) Willd. Category 2
Grey ironbark Eucalyptus paniculata Sm. Category 2
Grey poplar Populus x canescens (Aiton) Sm. Category 2
Guava Psidium guajava L. Category 2
Harrisia cactus Harrisia martinii (Labour.) Britton Category 1
Himalayan firethorn Pyracantha crenulata (D.Don) Category 3
Hoary candaria Lepidium draba L. Category 1
Honey mesquite Prosopis glandulosa Torr. Var. Category 2
Honey locust Gleditsia triacanthos L. Category 2 (Excluding sterile cultivars)
Horsetail tree Casuarina equisetifolia L. Category 2 (Not for use in dune stabilisation)
Imbricate cactus Opuntia imbricata (Haw.) DC. Category 1
Imbricate prickly pear Opuntia imbricata (Haw.) DC. Category 1
Indian laurel Litsea glutinosa (Lour.) C.B.Rob. Category 1
Indian shot Canna indica L. Category 1 (Excluding hybrid cultivars)
Indigo berry Passiflora suberosa L. Category 1
Inkberry Cestrum laevigatum Schtdl. Category 1
Invading ageratum Ageratum conyzoides L. Category 1
Jacaranda Jacaranda mimosifolia D.Don Category 3 (Excluding sterile cultivar "Alba")
Jambolan Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels Category 3
Japanese wax - leaved privet Ligustrum japonicum Thunb. Category 3
Johnson grass Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers. Category 2
Jointed cactus Opuntia aurantiaca Lindl. Category 1
Kahili ginger lily Hedychium gardnerianum Category 1
Kangaroo wattle Acacia paradoxa DC. Category 1
Kariba weed Salvinia molesta D.S.Mitch. Category 1(And other species of the family Salviniaceae)
Karri Eucalyptus diversicolor F.Muell. Category 2
Kudzu vine Pueraria lobata (Willd.) Ohwi Category 1
Lantana Lantana - all seedbearing forms Category 1
Large cocklebur Xanthium strumarium L . Category 1
Large flowered prickly pear Opuntia humifusa (Raf.) Raf. Category 1
Large round-leaved prickly pear Opuntia spinulifera Salm-Dyck Category 1
Large thorn apple Datura ferox L. Category 1
Lebbeck tree Albizia lebbeck (L.) Benth. Category 1
Lesser broomrape Orobanche minor Sm. Category 1
Leucaena Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit Mult categories
Loblolly pine Pinus taeda L. Category 2
Long - leaved wattle Acacia longifolia (Andr.) Willd. Category 1
Long spine cactus Opuntia exaltata A.Berger Category 1
Longifolia pine Pinus roxburghii Sarg. Category 2
Loquat Eriobotrya japonica (Thunb.) Lindl. Category 3
Lucerne dodder Cuscuta suaveolens Ser. Category 1
Madeira vine Anredera cordifolia (Ten.) Steenis Category 1
Manatoka Myoporum tenuifolium G.Forst. Category 3
Matchwood poplar Populus x canescens (Aiton) Sm. Category 2
Mauritius thorn Caesalpinia decapetala (Roth) Alston Category 1
Mexican ageratum Ageratum houstonianum Mill Category 1 (Excluding cultivars)
Mexican sunflower Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsl.) A.Gray Category 1
Mission prickly pear Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill. Category 1 (Excluding spineless cactus pear cultivars and selections)
Mistflower Ageratina riparia (Regel) R.M.King Category 1
Monterey pine Pinus radiata D.Don Category 2
Montpellier broom Cytisus monspessulanus L. Category 1
Moon cactus Harrisia martinii (Labour.) Britton Category 1
Moonflower Ipomoea alba L. Mult categories
Morning glory Ipomoea indica (Burm.f.) Merr. Mult categories
Morning glory Ipomoea purpurea (L.) Roth Category 3
Moth catcher Araujia sericifera Brot. Category 1
Nassella tussock Nassella trichotoma (Nees) Arech. Category 1
New Zealand christmas tree Metrosideros excelsa Sol. ex Gaertn. Category 3
Old man saltbush Atriplex nummularia Lindl. Category 2
Oleander Nerium oleander L. Category 1 (Excluding sterile, double-flowered cultivars)
Orange cestrum Cestrum aurantiacum Lindl. Category 1
Orchid tree Bauhinia variegata L. Category 3
Pampas grass Cortaderia jubata (Lem.) Stapf Category 1
Pampas grass Cortaderia selloana (Schult.) Asch. Category 1 (Excluding sterile cultivars)
Parrot's feather Myriophyllum aquaticum (Vell.) Verdc. Category 1
Parthenium Parthenium hysterophorus L. Category 1
Patterson's curse Echium plantagineum L. Category 1
Patula pine Pinus patula Schltdl. & Cham. Category 2
Peanut butter cassia Senna didymobotrya (Fresen.) lrwin Category 3
Pearl acacia Acacia podalyriifolia A.Cunn. Category 3
Pepper - cress Lepidium draba L. Category 1
Pepper tree wattle Acacia elata A.Cunn. ex Benth. Category 3
Persian lilac Melia azedarach L. Category 3
Pest pear of Australia Opuntia stricta (Haw.) Haw. Category 1
Pickerel weed Pontederia cordata L. Category 3
Pink tamarisk Tamarix ramosissima Ledeb. Mult categories
Pitanga Eugenia uniflora L. Mult categories
Pom pom weed Camputoclinium macrocephalum Category 1
Port Jackson Acacia saligna (Labill.) H.L.Wendl. Category 2
Potato creeper Solanum seaforthianum Andr. Category 1
Purple loosestrife Lythrum salicaria L. Category 1
Queen of the Night Cereus jamacaru DC. Category 1
Radiata pine Pinus radiata D.Don Category 2
Rambling cassia Senna bicapsularis (L.) Roxb. Category 3
Red eye Acacia cyclops A.Cunn. ex G.Don Category 2
Red ginger lily Hedychium coccineum Sm. Category 1
Red ironbark Eucalyptus sideroxylon A.Cunn. Category 2
Red river gum Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh. Category 2
Red sesbania Sesbania punicea (Cav.) Benth. Category 1
Red sunflower Tithonia rotundifolia (Mill.) S.F.Blake Category 1
Red water fern Azolla filiculoides Lam. Category 1
Rivina Rivina humilis L. Category 1
Rock hakea Hakea gibbosa (Sm.) Cav. Category 1
Rose apple Syzygium jambos (L.) Alston Category 3
Rose gum Eucalyptus grandis W.Hill ex Maiden Category 2
Rosea cactus Opuntia fulgida Engelm. Category 1
Saligna gum Eucalyptus grandis W.Hill ex Maiden Category 2
Saucepan cactus Opuntia spinulifera Salm-Dyck Category 1
Scotch broom Cytisus scoparius (L.) Link Category 1
Scotch thistle Cirsium vulgare (Savi) Ten. Category 1
Screw - pod wattle Acacia implexa Benth. Category 1
Silky hakea Hakea sericea Schrad. & J.C.Wendl Category 1
Silver - leaf cotoneaster Cotoneaster pannosus Franch. Category 3
Silver wattle Acacia dealbata Link Mult categories
Silver-leaf bitter apple Solanum elaeagnifolium Cav. Category 1
Singapore daisy Thelechitonia trilobata (L.) H.Rob. Mult categories
Sisal Agave sisalana Perrine Category 2
Slash pine Pinus elliotti Engelm. Category 2
Small round - leaved prickly pear Opuntia lindheimeri Engelm. Category 1
Spanish broom Spartium junceum L. Category 1
Spanish reed Arundo donax L. Category 1
Spear thistle Cirsium vulgare (Savi) Ten. Category 1
Spider gum Eucalyptus lehmannii (Schauer) Mult categories
Spiked water-milfoil Myriophyllum spicatum L. Category 1
Spiny cocklebur Xanthium spinasum L. Category 1
Sponge - fruit saltbush Atriplex lindleyi Moq. Subsp. inflata Category 3
St Joseph's lily Lilium formosanum A. Wallace Category 3
St. John's wort Hypericum perforatum L. Category 2
Stink bean Paraserianthes lophantha (Willi.) Category 1
Strawberry guava Psidium cattleianum Sabine Category 3
Sugar gum Eucalyptus cladocalyx F.Muell. Category 2
Surinam cherry Eugenia uniflora L. Mult categories
Sveetbriar Rosa rubiginosa L. Category 1
Sweet hakea Hakea drupacea (C.F.Gaertn.) Roem. Category 1
Sweet locust Gleditsia triacanthos L. Category 2 (Excluding sterile cultivars)
Sweet pittosporum Pittosporum undulatum Vent. Category 1
Sweet prickly pear Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill. Category 1 (Excluding spineless cactus pear cultivars and selections)
Sword fern Nephrolepis exaltata (L.) Schott Category 3 (Excluding cultivars)
Syringa Melia azedarach L. Category 3
Tickberry Lantana - all seedbearing forms Category 1
Tipton weed Hypericum perforatum L. Category 2
Tipu tree Tipuana tipu (Benth.) Kuntze Category 3
Toon tree Toona ciliata M.Roem. Category 3
Torch cactus Echinopsis spachiana (Lem.) Fiedrich Category 1
Tree - of - heaven Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle Category 3
Tree daisy Montanoa hibiscifolia Benth. Category 1
Triffid weed Chromolaena odorata (L.) R.M.King Category 1
Triplaris Triplaris americana L. Category 1
Trumpet lily Lilium formosanum A. Wallace Category 3
Velvet mesquite Prosopis velutina Wooton Category 2
Water hyacinth Eichhornia crassipes (C.Mart.) Solms Category 1
Water lettuce Pistia stratiotes L. Category 1
Watercress Rorippa nasturtium - aquaticum (L.) Category 2
Wax tree Rhus succedanea L. Category 1
Weeping willow Salix babylonica L. Category 2 (Not to be confused with indigenous species)
White ginger lily Hedychium coronarium J. König Category 1
White mulberry Morus alba L. Category 3 (Excluding cultivar "Pendula", and only for use as root-stock if authorised by the Executive official in terms of regulation 15C(5))
White poplar Populus alba L. Category 2
White tussock Nassella tenuissima (Trin.) Barkworth Category 1
White-flowered Mexican poppy Argemone ochroleuca Sweet Category 1
White top Lepidium draba L. Category 1
Wild tomato Solanum sisymbriifolium Lam. Category 1
Wild morning glory Convolvulus arvensis L. Category 1
Wild tobacco Nicotiana glauca Graham Category 1
Woolly plectranthus Plectranthus comosus Sims Category 3
Yellow bells Tecoma stans (L.) Kunth Category 1
Yellow cestrum Cestrum aurantiacum Lindl. Category 1
Yellow firethorn Pyracantha angustifolia (Franch.) Category 3 (Excluding cultivars)
Yellow ginger lily Hedychium flavescens Roscoe Category 1
Yellow oleander Thevetia peruviana (Pers.) K.Schum. Category 1
Yellow-flowered Mexican poppy Argemone mexicana L. Category 1

Declared Weeds & Invader Plants: Introduction

© S A National Biodiversity Institute


Miscell. Info.

Copyright

Declared Weeds & Invaders:Category 1 Plants

Acacia implexa Benth. Screw - pod wattle. Weed
Acacia longifolia (Andr.) Willd. Long - leaved wattle. Weed
Acacia paradoxa DC. Kangaroo wattle. Weed
Acacia pycnantha Benth. Golden wattle. Weed
Achyranthes aspera L. Burweed.Weed
Ageratina adenophora (Spreng.) Crofton weed. Weed
Ageratina riparia (Regel) R.M.King Mistflower. Weed
Ageratum conyzoides L. Invading ageratum. Weed
Ageratum houstonianum Mill Mexican ageratum. Weed (Excluding cultivars)
Albizia lebbeck (L.) Benth. Lebbeck tree. Weed
Albizia procera (Roxb.) Benth. False lebbeck. Weed
Alhagi maurorum Medik. Camel thorn bush. Weed
Anredera cordifolia (Ten.) Steenis Madeira vine, Bridal wreath. Weed
Araujia sericifera Brot. Moth catcher. Weed
Argemone mexicana L. Yellow-flowered Mexican poppy. Weed
Argemone ochroleuca Sweet White-flowered Mexican poppy. Weed
Arundo donax L. Giant reed, Spanish reed Weed
Azolla filiculoides Lam. Azolla, Red water fern.. Weed
Bryophyllum delagoense (Eckl.) Chandelier plant. Weed
Caesalpinia decapetala (Roth) Alston Mauritius thorn. Weed
Camputoclinium macrocephalum (Less) DC. Pom pom weed. Weed
Canna indica L. Indian shot Weed ( Excluding hybrid cultivars)
Cardiospermum grandiflorum Sw. Balloon vine. Weed
Cereus jamacaru DC. Queen of the Night. Weed
Cestrum aurantiacum Lindl. Yellow or Orange cestrum. Weed
Cestrum elegans (Brongn.) Schtdl. Crimson cestrum. Weed
Cestrum laevigatum Schtdl. Inkberry. Weed
Cestrum parqui L'Hér. Chilean cestrum. Weed
Chromolaena odorata (L.) R.M.King Triffid weed, Chromolaena. Weed
Cirsium vulgare (Savi) Ten. Spear thistle, Scotch thistle. Weed
Convolvulus arvensis L. Field bindweed, Wild morning glory. Weed
Cortaderia jubata (Lem.) Stapf Pampas grass. Weed
Cortaderia selloana (Schult.) Asch. Pampas grass. Weed (Excluding sterile cultivars)
Cuscuta campestris Yunck. Common dodder. Weed
Cuscuta suaveolens Ser. Lucerne dodder Weed
Cytisus monspessulanus L. Montpellier broom. Weed
Cytisus scoparius (L.) Link Scotch broom. Weed
Datura ferox L. Large thorn apple. Weed
Datura innoxia Mill. Downy thorn apple Weed
Datura stramonium L. Common thorn apple Weed
Echinopsis spachiana (Lem.) Fiedrich Torch cactus. Weed
Echium plantagineum L. Patterson's curse. Weed
Echium vulgare L. Blue echium Weed
Egeria densa Planch. Dense water weed. Weed
Eichhornia crassipes (C.Mart.) Solms Water hyacinth Weed
Elodea canadensis Michx. Canadian water weed Weed
Hakea drupacea (C.F.Gaertn.) Roem. Sweet hakea Weed
Hakea gibbosa (Sm.) Cav. Rock hakea Weed
Hakea sericea Schrad. & J.C.Wendl Silky hakea Weed
Harrisia martinii (Labour.) Britton Moon cactus, Harrisia cactus Weed
Hedychium coccineum Sm. Red ginger lily Weed
Hedychium coronarium J. König White ginger lily Weed
Hedychium flavescens Roscoe Yellow ginger lily Weed
Hedychium gardnerianum Kahili ginger lily Weed
Lantana - all seedbearing forms Lantana, Tickberry, Cherry pie Weed
Lepidium draba L. Pepper - cress, Hoary candaria Weed
Leptospermum laevigatum (Gaertn.) Australian myrtle Weed
Litsea glutinosa (Lour.) C.B.Rob. Indian laurel Weed
Lythrum salicaria L. Purple loosestrife Weed
Macfadyena unguis-cati (L.) Cat's claw creeper Weed
Montanoa hibiscifolia Benth. Tree daisy Weed
Myriophyllum aquaticum (Vell.) Verdc. Parrot's feather Weed
Myriophyllum spicatum L. Spiked water-milfoil Weed
Nassella tenuissima (Trin.) Barkworth White tussock Weed
Nassella trichotoma (Nees) Arech. Nassella tussock Weed
Nerium oleander L. Oleander Weed (Excluding sterile, double-flowered cultivars)
Nicotiana glauca Graham Wild tobacco Weed
Opuntia aurantiaca Lindl. Jointed cactus Weed
Opuntia exaltata A.Berger Long spine cactus Weed
Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill. Mission or Sweet prickly pear Weed (Excluding spineless cactus pear cultivars and selections)
Opuntia fulgida Engelm. Rosea cactus Weed
Opuntia humifusa (Raf.) Raf. Large flowered prickly pear Weed
Opuntia imbricata (Haw.) DC. Imbricate cactus or prickly pear Weed
Opuntia lindheimeri Engelm. Small round - leaved prickly pear Weed
Opuntia monacantha Haw. Drooping or Cochineal prickly pear Weed
Opuntia spinulifera Salm-Dyck Saucepan cactus Weed
Opuntia stricta (Haw.) Haw. Pest pear of Australia Weed
Orobanche minor Sm. Lesser broomrape, Clover broomrape Weed
Paraserianthes lophantha (Willi.) Australian Albizia, Stink bean Weed
Parthenium hysterophorus L. Parthenium Weed
Passiflora caerulea L. Blue passion flower Weed
Passiflora mollissima (Kunth) Banana poka, Bananadilla Weed
Passiflora suberosa L. Devil's pumpkin, Indigo berry Weed
Passiflora subpeltata Ortega Granadina Weed
Pennisetum setaceum (Forssk.) Fountain grass Weed (Excluding sterile cultivar "Rubrum")
Pennisetum villosum R.Br. ex Fresen. Feathertop Weed
Pereskia aculeata Mill. Barbados gooseberry Weed
Pistia stratiotes L. Water lettuce Weed
Pittosporum undulatum Vent. Australian cheesewood Weed
Psidium x durbanensis Baijnath ined. Durban guava Weed
Pueraria lobata (Willd.) Ohwi Kudzu vine Weed
Rhus succedanea L. Wax tree Weed
Rivina humilis L. Rivina, Bloodberry Weed
Rosa rubiginosa L. Eglantine, Sweetbriar Invader
Rubus cuneifolius Pursh and hybrid R. x proteus C.H.Stirt.American bramble Weed
Salvinia molesta D.S.Mitch. Kariba weed Weed (And other species of the family Salviniaceae)
Sesbania punicea (Cav.) Benth. Red sesbania Weed
Solanum elaeagnifolium Cav. Silver-leaf bitter apple Weed
Solanum mauritianum Scop. Bugweed Weed
Solanum seaforthianum Andr. Potato creeper Weed
Solanum sisymbriifolium Lam. Wild tomato Weed
Spartium junceum L. Spanish broom Weed
Tecoma stans (L.) Kunth Yellow bells Weed
Thevetia peruviana (Pers.) K.Schum. Yellow oleander Weed
Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsl.) A.Gray Mexican sunflower Weed
Tithonia rotundifolia (Mill.) S.F.Blake Red sunflower Weed
Triplaris americana L. Triplaris, Ant Tree Weed
Ulex europaeus L. European gorse Weed
Xanthium spinasum L. Spiny cocklebur Weed
Xanthium strumarium L . Large cocklebur Weed

Declared Weeds and Invader Plants: Category 2 Plants

Acacia cyclops A.Cunn. ex G.Don Red eye Invader
Acacia decurrens (Wendi.) Willd. Green wattle Invader
Acacia meamsii De Wild. Black wattle Invader
Acacia melanoxylon R.Br. Australian blackwood Invader
Acacia saligna (Labill.) H.L.Wendl. Port Jackson Invader
Agave sisalana Perrine Sisal Invader
Atriplex nummularia Lindl. Old man saltbush Invader
Casuarina cunninghamiana Miq. Beefwood Invader (Not for use in dune stabilisation)
Casuarina equisetifolia L. Horsetail tree Invader (Not for use in dune stabilisation)
Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh. Red river gum Invader
Eucalyptus cladocalyx F.Muell. Sugar gum Invader
Eucalyptus diversicolor F.Muell. Karri Invader
Eucalyptus grandis W.Hill ex Maiden Saligna gum, Rose gum Invader
Eucalyptus paniculata Sm. Grey ironbark Invader
Eucalyptus sideroxylon A.Cunn. Black ironbark, Red ironbark Invader
Gleditsia triacanthos L. Honey locust, Sweet locust Invader (Excluding sterile cultivars)
Hypericum perforatum L. St. John's wort, Tipton weed Invader
Pinus canariensis C.Sm. Canary pine Invader
Pinus elliotti Engelm. Slash pine Invader
Pinus halepensis Mill. Aleppo pine Invader
Pinus patula Schltdl. & Cham. Patula pine Invader
Pinus pinaster Aiton Cluster pine Invader
Pinus radiata D.Don Radiata pine, Monterey pine Invader
Pinus roxburghii Sarg. Chir pine, longifolia pine Invader
Pinus taeda L. Loblolly pine Invader
Populus alba L. White poplar Invader
Populus x canescens (Aiton) Sm. Grey poplar, Matchwood poplar Invader
Prosopis glandulosaTorr. Var. and hybrids Honey mesquite Invader
Prosopis velutina Wooton and hybrids Velvet mesquite Invader
Psidium guajava L. and hybrids Guava Invader
Ricinus communis L Castor - oil plant Invader
Robinia pseudoacacia L. Black locust Invader (Only for use as rootstock if authorised by Executive Officer in terms of regulation 15B(10))
Rorippa nasturtium - aquaticum (L.) Watercress Invader
Rubus fruticosus L. agg. European blackberry Invader
Salix babylonica L. Weeping willow Invader (Not to be confused with indigenous species)
Salix fragilis L. Crack or brittle willow Invader (Not to be confused with indigenous species)
Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers. Johnson grass, Aleppo grass Invader

Declared Weeds & Invader Plants: Category 3 Plants

Acacia baileyana F.Muell. Bailey's wattle Invader
Acacia elata A.Cunn. ex Benth. Pepper tree wattle Invader
Acacia podalyriifolia A.Cunn. Pearl acacia Invader
Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle Tree - of - heaven Invader
Atriplex lindleyi Moq. Subsp. inflata Sponge - fruit saltbush Invader
Bauhinia purpurea L. Butterfly orchid tree Invader
Bauhinia variegata L. Orchid tree Invader
Cotoneaster franchetii Boiss. Cotoneaster Invader
Cotoneaster pannosus Franch. Silver - leaf cotoneaster Invader
Eriobotrya japonica (Thunb.) Lindl. Loquat Invader
Grevillea robusta A.Cunn. ex R.Br. Australian silky oak Invader
Ipomoea purpurea (L.) Roth Morning glory Invader
Jacaranda mimosifolia D.Don Jacaranda Invader (Excluding sterile cultivar "Alba")
Ligustrum japonicum Thunb. Japanese wax - leaved privet Invader
Ligustrum lucidum Aiton Chinese wax - leaved privet Invader (Only for use as root-stock if authorised by the Executive official in terms of regulation 15C(5))
Ligustrum ovalifolium Hassk. Californian privet Invader
Ligustrum sinense Lour. Chinese privet Invader
Ligustrum vulgare L. Common privet Invader
Lilium formosanum A. Wallace St Joseph's lily, Trumpet lily Invader
Melia azedarach L. Syringa, Persian lilac Invader
Metrosideros excelsa Sol. ex Gaertn. New Zealand christmas tree Invader
Mimosa pigra L . Giant sensitive plant Invader
Morus alba L. White or common mulberry Invader (Excluding cultivar "Pendula", and only for use as root-stock if authorised by the Executive official in terms of regulation 15C(5))
Myoporum tenuifolium G.Forst. Manatoka Invader
Nephrolepis exaltata (L.) Schott Sword fern Invader (Excluding cultivars)
Phytolacca dioica L. Belhambra Invader
Plectranthus comosus Sims 'Abyssinian' coleus Invader
Pontederia cordata L. Pickerel weed Invader
Psidium cattleianum Sabine Strawberry guava Invader
Psidium guineense Sw. Brazilian guava Invader
Pyracantha angustifolia (Franch.) Yellow firethorn Invader (Excluding cultivars)
Pyracantha crenulata (D.Don) Himalayan firethorn Invader
Senna bicapsularis (L.) Roxb. Rambling cassia Invader
Senna didymobotrya (Fresen.) lrwin Peanut butter cassia Invader
Senna pendula (Willd.) Irwin Invader
Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels Jambolan Invader
Syzygium jambos (L.) Alston Rose apple Invader
Tipuana tipu (Benth.) Kuntze Tipu tree Invader
Toona ciliata M.Roem. Toon tree Invader

Declared Weeds & Invader Plants: Multiple Categories

Category 1 in the Western Cape, category 2 in other parts of South Africa

Acacia dealbata Link Silver wattle Weed
Eucalyptus lehmannii (Schauer) Spider gum Weed
Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit Leucaena Weed
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Category 1 in Northern Province, KwaZulu-Natal and Mpumalanga, category 3 in other parts of South Africa

Eugenia uniflora L. Pitanga, Surinam cherry Weed
Ipomoea alba L. Moonflower Weed
Ipomoea indica (Burm.f.) Merr. Morning glory Weed
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Category 1 in KwaZulu-Natal, category 3 in other parts of South Africa

Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi Brazilian pepper tree Weed
Thelechitonia trilobata (L.) H.Rob. Singapore daisy Weed
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Category 1 in Northern, Eastern and Western Cape, category 3 in other parts of South Africa

Tamarix chinensis Lour. Chinese tamarisk Weed
Tamarix ramosissima Ledeb. Pink tamarisk Weed
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Category 1 in Northern Province, KwaZulu-Natal and Mpumalanga only

Ardisia crenata Sims Coralberry tree, Coral Bush Weed
Cinnamomum camphora (L.) J.Presl Camphor tree Weed

List of declared weeds and invader plants
List of declared indicators of bush encroachment
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE

No. R.

CONSERVATION OF AGRICULTURAL RESOURCES ACT, 1983
(ACT No. 43 OF 1983)

REGULATIONS: AMENDMENT

The Minister of Agriculture has, under section 29 of the Conservation of Agricultural Resources Act, 1983 (Act
No. 43 of 1983), made the regulations in the Schedule.

SCHEDULE

Definition

1. In this Schedule “the regulations” means the regulations published by Government Notice No. R. 1048
of 25 May 1984, as amended by Government Notice No. R. 2687 of 6 December 1985.

Amendment of regulation 1 of the regulations

2. Regulation 1 of the regulations is hereby amended ­

(a) by inserting the following definitions before the definition of “excessive soil loss”:

“ ‘biological control’ means the use of natural enemies of category 1, 2 and 3 plants to control such plants;

‘biological control agent’ means a natural enemy of category 1, 2 or 3 plants that is used to control such plants;

‘biological control expert’ means an academic or research institute or an academic or research
organisation established by legislation which, or a person associated with or in the employment of such an
institute or organisation who, practises and researches biological control of category 1, 2 and 3 plants;

‘biological control reserve’ means an area designated by the executive officer in terms of regulation
15D of the regulations for the breeding of biological control agents;

‘bush encroachment’ means stands of plants of the kinds specified in column 1 of Table 4 where
individual plants are closer to each other than three times the mean crown diameter;
‘category 1 plants’ means plants of the kinds specified as category 1 in column 3 of Table 3 opposite
the names of the respective kinds of plants;

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‘category 2 plants’ means plants of the kinds specified as category 2 in column 3 of Table 3 opposite the names of the respective kinds of plants;

‘category 3 plants’ means plants of the kinds specified as category 3 in column 3 of Table 3 opposite
the names of the respective kinds of plants;

‘control’ means to combat category 1, 2 and 3 plants by means of the methods prescribed in
regulation 15E to the extent necessary to prevent or to contain the occurrence, establishment, growth,
multiplication, propagation, regeneration and spreading of such plants;

‘demarcated area’ means an area of land approved by the executive officer in terms of regulation 15B
of the regulations for the occurrence, establishment and maintenance of category 2 plants;

‘environment conservation regulations’ means regulations in terms of the Environment Conservation
Act, 1989 (Act No. 73 of 1989), as published by Government Notice No. R.1182 of 5 September 1997, as
amended from time to time, or similar regulations promulgated under legislation administered by the
Department of Environmental Affairs and Tourism;”;

(b) by inserting the following definition after the definition of “flood area”:

“ ‘propagating material’ means any material of a plant that can be used for the propagation of that
plant;”;

(c) by inserting the following definition after the definition of “secretary”:

“ ‘sell’ includes agree to sell, or offer, advertise, keep, exhibit, send, consign, convey or deliver for
sale, or exchange for anything or dispose of or deliver to any other person in any manner, whether for a
consideration or otherwise; and ‘sold’ and ‘sale’ have corresponding meanings;”;

(d) by deleting the word “and” after the definition of “veld”;

(e) by adding the word “and” after the definition of “waterway”; and

(f) by adding the following definition:

“ ‘wetland’ means land which is transitional between terrestrial and aquatic systems where the water
table is usually at or near the surface, or the land is periodically covered with shallow water, and which land in
normal circumstances supports or would support vegetation typically adapted to life in saturated soil.”.

Substitution of regulation 15 of the regulations

3. Regulation 15 of the regulations is hereby substituted for the following regulation:

“Declaration of weeds and invader plants

15. (1) Plants of the kinds specified in column 1 of Table 3 as category 1 plants are hereby declared
weeds to the extent indicated in column 3 of the said Table opposite the names of the respective kinds of
plants.

(2) Plants of the kinds specified in column 1 of Table 3 as category 2 plants and as category 3
Page 2 of 7 CONSERVATION OF AGRICULTURAL RESOURCES ACT, 1983
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names of the respective kinds of plants.”.

Insertion of regulations 15A to 15F

4. The regulations are hereby amended by the insertion of the following regulations after regulation 15:

“Combating of category 1 plants

15A. (1) Category 1 plants may not occur on any land or inland water surface other than in
biological control reserves.

(2) A land user shall control any category 1 plants that occur on any land or inland water surface in
contravention of the provisions of sub-regulation (1) by means of the methods prescribed in regulation 15E.

(3) No person shall, except in or for purposes of a biological control reserve ­

(a) establish, plant, maintain, multiply or propagate category 1 plants;

(b) import or sell propagating material of category 1 plants or any category 1 plants;

(c) acquire propagating material of category 1 plants or any category 1 plants.
(4) The executive officer may, on good cause shown in writing by the land user, grant written
exemption from compliance with the requirements of sub-regulation (1) on such conditions as the executive
officer may determine in each case.

Combating of category 2 plants

15B. (1) Category 2 plants may not occur on any land or inland water surface other than a demarcated
area or a biological control reserve.

(2) (a) The executive officer may on application in writing demarcate an area as an area
where category 2 plants may occur, be established and be maintained.

(b) An area in respect of which a water use license for stream flow reduction activities
has been issued in terms of section 36 of the National Water Act, 1998 (Act No. 36 of 1998) shall be deemed
to be a demarcated area.

(3) The executive officer shall demarcate an area for the occurrence, establishment and
maintenance of category 2 plants only if ­

(a) the category 2 plants in the area are cultivated under controlled circumstances; and

(b) the land user concerned has been authorised to use water in terms of the National Water Act,
1998 (Act No. 36 of 1998); and

(c) the category 2 plants or products of category 2 plants in the area are demonstrated to primarily
serve a commercial purpose, use as a woodlot, shelter belt, building material, animal fodder, soil
stabilisation, medicinal or other beneficial function that the executive officer may approve; and

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(d) all reasonable steps are taken to curtail the spreading of propagating material of the category 2
plants outside the demarcated areas.

(4) When an area is demarcated for the occurrence, establishment and maintenance of
category 2 plants the executive officer may impose such additional conditions as may reasonably be deemed
necessary to keep the category 2 plants in the area in check.

(5) No person shall sell propagating material of category 2 plants or any category 2 plants to another
person unless such other person is a land user of a demarcated area or of a biological control reserve.

(6) No person shall acquire propagating material of category 2 plants or any category 2 plants
unless such material or such plants are intended for use in a demarcated area or in a biological control
reserve.

(7) Propagating material of category 2 plants or category 2 plants shall only be imported or sold
in accordance with the provisions of the Plant Improvement Act, 1976 (Act No. 53 of 1976), the Agricultural
Pests Act, 1983 (Act No. 36 of 1983) and the environment conservation regulations.

(8) A land user shall control any category 2 plants that occur on any land or inland water surface in
contravention of the provisions of sub-regulation (1) by means of the methods prescribed in regulation 15E.

(9) Unless authorised thereto in terms of the National Water Act, 1998 (Act No. 36 of 1998), no
land user shall allow category 2 plants to occur within 30 meters of the 1:50 year flood line of a river, stream,
spring, natural channel in which water flows regularly or intermittently, lake, dam or wetland.

(10) The executive officer may, on good cause shown in writing by the land user, grant written
exemption from compliance with one or more of the requirements of sub-regulations (1), (3), (5), (6), (8) and
(9) on such conditions as the executive officer may determine in each case.

Combating of category 3 plants

15C. (1) Category 3 plants shall not occur on any land or inland water surface other than in a biological
control reserve.

(2) Subject to the provisions of sub-regulation (3), the provisions of sub-regulation (1) shall
not apply in respect of category 3 plants already in existence at the time of the commencement of these
regulations.

(3) (a) No land user shall allow category 3 plants to occur within 30 meters of the 1:50 year
flood line of a river, stream, spring, natural channel in which water flows regularly or intermittently, lake, dam
or wetland.

(b) The executive officer may impose such additional conditions as may reasonably be
deemed necessary with regard to category 3 plants already in existence at the time of the commencement of
these regulations.

(c) A land user must take all reasonable steps to curtail the spreading of propagating
material of category 3 plants.

(d) The executive officer may, after consultation with the land user, issue a direction in
terms of section 7 of the Act that category 3 plants in existence at the time of the commencement of these
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(4) No person shall, except in or for purposes of a biological control reserve ­

(a) plant, establish, maintain, multiply or propagate category 3 plants;

(b) import or sell propagating material of category 3 plants or any category 3 plants;

(c) acquire propagating material of category 3 plants or any category 3 plants.

(5) The executive officer may, on good cause shown in writing by the land user, grant written
exemption from compliance with one or more of the requirements of sub-regulations (1), (3) and (4) on such
conditions as the executive officer may determine in each case.

Designation of biological control reserves

15D. (1) The executive officer may on application in writing designate an area as a biological control
reserve.

(2) The executive officer shall designate an area as a biological control reserve only if ­

(a) the area concerned is used for the breeding of biological control agents by a biological control
expert; and

(b) no other measures that may destroy or render the biological control ineffective are applied in that
area; and

(c) the area concerned serves as a refuge from where biological control agents can move or be
distributed to other infestations of category 1, 2 and 3 plants.

Methods of control

15E. (1) Where category 1, 2 or 3 plants occur contrary to the provisions of these regulations, a land
user shall control such plants by means of one or more of the following methods of control as is appropriate
for the species concerned and the ecosystem in which it occurs:

(a) Uprooting, felling, cutting or burning;
(b) Treatment with a weed killer that is registered for use in connection with such plants in
accordance with the directions for the use of such a weed killer;

(c) Biological control carried out in accordance with the stipulations of the Agricultural Pests Act,
1983 (Act No. 36 of 1983), the Environment Conservation Act, 1989 (Act No. 73 of 1989) and
any other applicable legislation;

(d) Any other method of treatment recognised by the executive officer that has as its object the
control of the plants concerned, subject to the provisions of sub-regulation (4);

(e) A combination of one or more of the methods prescribed in paragraphs (a), (b), (c), and (d), save
that biological control reserves and areas where biological control agents are effective shall not
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(2) The methods contemplated in sub-regulation (1) shall also be applied with regard to the
propagating material and the re-growth of category 1, 2 and 3 plants in order to prevent such plants from
forming seed or re-establishing in any manner.

(3) The performance of an act of control is not in itself proof that the objects of the control
methods have been achieved and follow-up operations are mandatory to achieve the appropriate level
of combating.

(4) Where uncertainty exists about the presence or efficacy of any biological control agent, a
biological control expert shall be consulted.

(5) Any action taken to control category 1, 2 and 3 plants shall be executed with caution and in
a manner that will cause the least possible damage to the environment.

Application of other laws

15F. Nothing contained in this regulation shall derogate in any way from any obligation imposed on any
land user in terms of any other law.”.

Substitution of Regulation 16 of the regulations

5. Regulation 16 of the regulations is hereby substituted for the following regulation:



“Indicators of bush encroachment

16. (1) Indigenous plants of the kinds specified in column 1 of Table 4 are regarded as indicator plants
indicating bush encroachment in the areas specified in column 2 of the said Table opposite the names of the
respective kinds of plants.

(2) A land user of an area in which natural vegetation occurs and that contains communities of
indicator plants shall follow practices to prevent the deterioration of natural resources and to combat bush
encroachment where it occurs.

(3) One or more of the following practices shall be followed with regard to communities of
indicator plants contemplated in sub-regulation (2) in order to remove the cause of the deterioration of the
natural resources and to improve and maintain the production potential of the natural pastoral land:

(a) Uprooting, felling or cutting;

(b) Treatment with a weed killer that is registered for use in connection with such plants in
accordance with the directions for the use of such a weed killer;

(c) The application of control measures regarding the utilisation and protection of veld in terms of
regulation 9;

(d) The application of control measures regarding livestock reduction or removal of animals in terms
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(e) Any other method or strategy that may be applicable and that is specified by the executive
officer by means of a directive.”.

Substitution of Tables 3 and 4 of the regulations

6. The following tables are hereby substituted for Tables 3 and 4 of the regulations, respectively:
Table 3
Table 4

(SEE "REGULATIONS: AMENDMENT" IN THE SCHEDULE ABOVE)

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